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CGI::Carp(3pm)                 User Contributed Perl Documentation                 CGI::Carp(3pm)



NAME
       CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log

SYNOPSIS
           use CGI::Carp;

           croak "We're outta here!";
           confess "It was my fault: $!";
           carp "It was your fault!";
           warn "I'm confused";
           die  "I'm dying.\n";

           use CGI::Carp qw(cluck);
           cluck "I wouldn't do that if I were you";

           use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser);
           die "Fatal error messages are now sent to browser";

DESCRIPTION
       CGI scripts have a nasty habit of leaving warning messages in the error logs that are
       neither time stamped nor fully identified.  Tracking down the script that caused the error
       is a pain.  This fixes that.  Replace the usual

           use Carp;

       with

           use CGI::Carp

       The standard warn(), die (), croak(), confess() and carp() calls will be replaced with
       functions that write time-stamped messages to the HTTP server error log.

       For example:

          [Fri Nov 17 21:40:43 1995] test.pl: I'm confused at test.pl line 3.
          [Fri Nov 17 21:40:43 1995] test.pl: Got an error message: Permission denied.
          [Fri Nov 17 21:40:43 1995] test.pl: I'm dying.

REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
       By default, error messages are sent to STDERR.  Most HTTPD servers direct STDERR to the
       server's error log.  Some applications may wish to keep private error logs, distinct from
       the server's error log, or they may wish to direct error messages to STDOUT so that the
       browser will receive them.

       The "carpout()" function is provided for this purpose.  Since carpout() is not exported by
       default, you must import it explicitly by saying

          use CGI::Carp qw(carpout);

       The carpout() function requires one argument, a reference to an open filehandle for
       writing errors.  It should be called in a "BEGIN" block at the top of the CGI application
       so that compiler errors will be caught.  Example:

          BEGIN {
            use CGI::Carp qw(carpout);
            open(LOG, ">>/usr/local/cgi-logs/mycgi-log") or
              die("Unable to open mycgi-log: $!\n");
            carpout(LOG);
          }

       carpout() does not handle file locking on the log for you at this point.  Also, note that
       carpout() does not work with in-memory file handles, although a patch would be welcome to
       address that.

       The real STDERR is not closed -- it is moved to CGI::Carp::SAVEERR.  Some servers, when
       dealing with CGI scripts, close their connection to the browser when the script closes
       STDOUT and STDERR.  CGI::Carp::SAVEERR is there to prevent this from happening
       prematurely.

       You can pass filehandles to carpout() in a variety of ways.  The "correct" way according
       to Tom Christiansen is to pass a reference to a filehandle GLOB:

           carpout(\*LOG);

       This looks weird to mere mortals however, so the following syntaxes are accepted as well:

           carpout(LOG);
           carpout(main::LOG);
           carpout(main'LOG);
           carpout(\LOG);
           carpout(\'main::LOG');

           ... and so on

       FileHandle and other objects work as well.

       Use of carpout() is not great for performance, so it is recommended for debugging purposes
       or for moderate-use applications.  A future version of this module may delay redirecting
       STDERR until one of the CGI::Carp methods is called to prevent the performance hit.

MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
       If you want to send fatal (die, confess) errors to the browser, import the special
       "fatalsToBrowser" subroutine:

           use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser);
           die "Bad error here";

       Fatal errors will now be echoed to the browser as well as to the log.  CGI::Carp arranges
       to send a minimal HTTP header to the browser so that even errors that occur in the early
       compile phase will be seen.  Nonfatal errors will still be directed to the log file only
       (unless redirected with carpout).

       Note that fatalsToBrowser may not work well with mod_perl version 2.0 and higher.

   Changing the default message
       By default, the software error message is followed by a note to contact the Webmaster by
       e-mail with the time and date of the error.  If this message is not to your liking, you
       can change it using the set_message() routine.  This is not imported by default; you
       should import it on the use() line:

           use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser set_message);
           set_message("It's not a bug, it's a feature!");

       You may also pass in a code reference in order to create a custom error message.  At run
       time, your code will be called with the text of the error message that caused the script
       to die.  Example:

           use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser set_message);
           BEGIN {
              sub handle_errors {
                 my $msg = shift;
                 print "<h1>Oh gosh</h1>";
                 print "<p>Got an error: $msg</p>";
             }
             set_message(\&handle_errors);
           }

       In order to correctly intercept compile-time errors, you should call set_message() from
       within a BEGIN{} block.

DOING MORE THAN PRINTING A MESSAGE IN THE EVENT OF PERL ERRORS
       If fatalsToBrowser in conjunction with set_message does not provide you with all of the
       functionality you need, you can go one step further by specifying a function to be
       executed any time a script calls "die", has a syntax error, or dies unexpectedly at
       runtime with a line like "undef->explode();".

           use CGI::Carp qw(set_die_handler);
           BEGIN {
              sub handle_errors {
                 my $msg = shift;
                 print "content-type: text/html\n\n";
                 print "<h1>Oh gosh</h1>";
                 print "<p>Got an error: $msg</p>";

                 #proceed to send an email to a system administrator,
                 #write a detailed message to the browser and/or a log,
                 #etc....
             }
             set_die_handler(\&handle_errors);
           }

       Notice that if you use set_die_handler(), you must handle sending HTML headers to the
       browser yourself if you are printing a message.

       If you use set_die_handler(), you will most likely interfere with the behavior of
       fatalsToBrowser, so you must use this or that, not both.

       Using set_die_handler() sets SIG{__DIE__} (as does fatalsToBrowser), and there is only one
       SIG{__DIE__}. This means that if you are attempting to set SIG{__DIE__} yourself, you may
       interfere with this module's functionality, or this module may interfere with your
       module's functionality.

SUPPRESSING PERL ERRORS APPEARING IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
       A problem sometimes encountered when using fatalsToBrowser is when a "die()" is done
       inside an "eval" body or expression.  Even though the fatalsToBrower support takes
       precautions to avoid this, you still may get the error message printed to STDOUT.  This
       may have some undesirable effects when the purpose of doing the eval is to determine which
       of several algorithms is to be used.

       By setting $CGI::Carp::TO_BROWSER to 0 you can suppress printing the "die" messages but
       without all of the complexity of using "set_die_handler".  You can localize this effect to
       inside "eval" bodies if this is desirable: For example:

        eval {
          local $CGI::Carp::TO_BROWSER = 0;
          die "Fatal error messages not sent browser"
        }
        # $@ will contain error message

MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
       It is also possible to make non-fatal errors appear as HTML comments embedded in the
       output of your program.  To enable this feature, export the new "warningsToBrowser"
       subroutine.  Since sending warnings to the browser before the HTTP headers have been sent
       would cause an error, any warnings are stored in an internal buffer until you call the
       warningsToBrowser() subroutine with a true argument:

           use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser warningsToBrowser);
           use CGI qw(:standard);
           print header();
           warningsToBrowser(1);

       You may also give a false argument to warningsToBrowser() to prevent warnings from being
       sent to the browser while you are printing some content where HTML comments are not
       allowed:

           warningsToBrowser(0);    # disable warnings
           print "<script type=\"text/javascript\"><!--\n";
           print_some_javascript_code();
           print "//--></script>\n";
           warningsToBrowser(1);    # re-enable warnings

       Note: In this respect warningsToBrowser() differs fundamentally from fatalsToBrowser(),
       which you should never call yourself!

OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
       CGI::Carp includes the name of the program that generated the error or warning in the
       messages written to the log and the browser window.  Sometimes, Perl can get confused
       about what the actual name of the executed program was.  In these cases, you can override
       the program name that CGI::Carp will use for all messages.

       The quick way to do that is to tell CGI::Carp the name of the program in its use
       statement.  You can do that by adding "name=cgi_carp_log_name" to your "use" statement.
       For example:

           use CGI::Carp qw(name=cgi_carp_log_name);

       .  If you want to change the program name partway through the program, you can use the
       "set_progname()" function instead.  It is not exported by default, you must import it
       explicitly by saying

           use CGI::Carp qw(set_progname);

       Once you've done that, you can change the logged name of the program at any time by
       calling

           set_progname(new_program_name);

       You can set the program back to the default by calling

           set_progname(undef);

       Note that this override doesn't happen until after the program has compiled, so any
       compile-time errors will still show up with the non-overridden program name

TURNING OFF TIMESTAMPS IN MESSAGES
       If your web server automatically adds a timestamp to each log line, you may not need
       CGI::Carp to add its own. You can disable timestamping by importing "noTimestamp":

           use CGI::Carp qw(noTimestamp);

       Alternatively you can set $CGI::Carp::NO_TIMESTAMP to 1.

       Note that the name of the program is still automatically included in the message.

AUTHOR INFORMATION
       The CGI.pm distribution is copyright 1995-2007, Lincoln D. Stein. It is distributed under
       GPL and the Artistic License 2.0. It is currently maintained by Lee Johnson with help from
       many contributors.

       Address bug reports and comments to: https://github.com/leejo/CGI.pm/issues

       The original bug tracker can be found at:
       https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Queue=CGI.pm

       When sending bug reports, please provide the version of CGI.pm, the version of Perl, the
       name and version of your Web server, and the name and version of the operating system you
       are using.  If the problem is even remotely browser dependent, please provide information
       about the affected browsers as well.

SEE ALSO
       Carp, CGI::Base, CGI::BasePlus, CGI::Request, CGI::MiniSvr, CGI::Form, CGI::Response.



perl v5.20.1                                2014-10-21                             CGI::Carp(3pm)


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