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Lucy::Docs::Cookbook::CustomQueryParser(3pm) - phpMan
Lucy::Docs::Cookbook::CustomQueUserrContributed Perl DoLucy::Docs::Cookbook::CustomQueryParser(3)
NAME
Lucy::Docs::Cookbook::CustomQueryParser - Sample subclass of QueryParser.
ABSTRACT
Implement a custom search query language using a subclass of Lucy::Search::QueryParser.
The language
At first, our query language will support only simple term queries and phrases delimited
by double quotes. For simplicity's sake, it will not support parenthetical groupings,
boolean operators, or prepended plus/minus. The results for all subqueries will be
unioned together -- i.e. joined using an OR -- which is usually the best approach for
small-to-medium-sized document collections.
Later, we'll add support for trailing wildcards.
Single-field parser
Our initial parser implentation will generate queries against a single fixed field,
"content", and it will analyze text using a fixed choice of English EasyAnalyzer. We
won't subclass Lucy::Search::QueryParser just yet.
package FlatQueryParser;
use Lucy::Search::TermQuery;
use Lucy::Search::PhraseQuery;
use Lucy::Search::ORQuery;
use Carp;
sub new {
my $analyzer = Lucy::Analysis::EasyAnalyzer->new(
language => 'en',
);
return bless {
field => 'content',
analyzer => $analyzer,
}, __PACKAGE__;
}
Some private helper subs for creating TermQuery and PhraseQuery objects will help keep the
size of our main parse() subroutine down:
sub _make_term_query {
my ( $self, $term ) = @_;
return Lucy::Search::TermQuery->new(
field => $self->{field},
term => $term,
);
}
sub _make_phrase_query {
my ( $self, $terms ) = @_;
return Lucy::Search::PhraseQuery->new(
field => $self->{field},
terms => $terms,
);
}
Our private _tokenize() method treats double-quote delimited material as a single token
and splits on whitespace everywhere else.
sub _tokenize {
my ( $self, $query_string ) = @_;
my @tokens;
while ( length $query_string ) {
if ( $query_string =~ s/^\s+// ) {
next; # skip whitespace
}
elsif ( $query_string =~ s/^("[^"]*(?:"|$))// ) {
push @tokens, $1; # double-quoted phrase
}
else {
$query_string =~ s/(\S+)//;
push @tokens, $1; # single word
}
}
return \@tokens;
}
The main parsing routine creates an array of tokens by calling _tokenize(), runs the
tokens through through the EasyAnalyzer, creates TermQuery or PhraseQuery objects
according to how many tokens emerge from the EasyAnalyzer's split() method, and adds each
of the sub-queries to the primary ORQuery.
sub parse {
my ( $self, $query_string ) = @_;
my $tokens = $self->_tokenize($query_string);
my $analyzer = $self->{analyzer};
my $or_query = Lucy::Search::ORQuery->new;
for my $token (@$tokens) {
if ( $token =~ s/^"// ) {
$token =~ s/"$//;
my $terms = $analyzer->split($token);
my $query = $self->_make_phrase_query($terms);
$or_query->add_child($phrase_query);
}
else {
my $terms = $analyzer->split($token);
if ( @$terms == 1 ) {
my $query = $self->_make_term_query( $terms->[0] );
$or_query->add_child($query);
}
elsif ( @$terms > 1 ) {
my $query = $self->_make_phrase_query($terms);
$or_query->add_child($query);
}
}
}
return $or_query;
}
Multi-field parser
Most often, the end user will want their search query to match not only a single 'content'
field, but also 'title' and so on. To make that happen, we have to turn queries such as
this...
foo AND NOT bar
... into the logical equivalent of this:
(title:foo OR content:foo) AND NOT (title:bar OR content:bar)
Rather than continue with our own from-scratch parser class and write the routines to
accomplish that expansion, we're now going to subclass Lucy::Search::QueryParser and take
advantage of some of its existing methods.
Our first parser implementation had the "content" field name and the choice of English
EasyAnalyzer hard-coded for simplicity, but we don't need to do that once we subclass
Lucy::Search::QueryParser. QueryParser's constructor -- which we will inherit, allowing
us to eliminate our own constructor -- requires a Schema which conveys field and Analyzer
information, so we can just defer to that.
package FlatQueryParser;
use base qw( Lucy::Search::QueryParser );
use Lucy::Search::TermQuery;
use Lucy::Search::PhraseQuery;
use Lucy::Search::ORQuery;
use PrefixQuery;
use Carp;
# Inherit new()
We're also going to jettison our _make_term_query() and _make_phrase_query() helper subs
and chop our parse() subroutine way down. Our revised parse() routine will generate
Lucy::Search::LeafQuery objects instead of TermQueries and PhraseQueries:
sub parse {
my ( $self, $query_string ) = @_;
my $tokens = $self->_tokenize($query_string);
my $or_query = Lucy::Search::ORQuery->new;
for my $token (@$tokens) {
my $leaf_query = Lucy::Search::LeafQuery->new( text => $token );
$or_query->add_child($leaf_query);
}
return $self->expand($or_query);
}
The magic happens in QueryParser's expand() method, which walks the ORQuery object we
supply to it looking for LeafQuery objects, and calls expand_leaf() for each one it finds.
expand_leaf() performs field-specific analysis, decides whether each query should be a
TermQuery or a PhraseQuery, and if multiple fields are required, creates an ORQuery which
mults out e.g. "foo" into "(title:foo OR content:foo)".
Extending the query language
To add support for trailing wildcards to our query language, we need to override
expand_leaf() to accommodate PrefixQuery, while deferring to the parent class
implementation on TermQuery and PhraseQuery.
sub expand_leaf {
my ( $self, $leaf_query ) = @_;
my $text = $leaf_query->get_text;
if ( $text =~ /\*$/ ) {
my $or_query = Lucy::Search::ORQuery->new;
for my $field ( @{ $self->get_fields } ) {
my $prefix_query = PrefixQuery->new(
field => $field,
query_string => $text,
);
$or_query->add_child($prefix_query);
}
return $or_query;
}
else {
return $self->SUPER::expand_leaf($leaf_query);
}
}
Ordinarily, those asterisks would have been stripped when running tokens through the
EasyAnalyzer -- query strings containing "foo*" would produce TermQueries for the term
"foo". Our override intercepts tokens with trailing asterisks and processes them as
PrefixQueries before "SUPER::expand_leaf" can discard them, so that a search for "foo*"
can match "food", "foosball", and so on.
Usage
Insert our custom parser into the search.cgi sample app to get a feel for how it behaves:
my $parser = FlatQueryParser->new( schema => $searcher->get_schema );
my $query = $parser->parse( decode( 'UTF-8', $cgi->param('q') || '' ) );
my $hits = $searcher->hits(
query => $query,
offset => $offset,
num_wanted => $page_size,
);
...
perl v5.20.2 2015-12-01 Lucy::Docs::Cookbook::CustomQueryParser(3)
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