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mysql_upgrade(1) - phpMan
MYSQL_UPGRADE(1) MySQL Database System MYSQL_UPGRADE(1)
NAME
mysql_upgrade - check and upgrade MySQL tables
SYNOPSIS
mysql_upgrade [options]
DESCRIPTION
mysql_upgrade examines all tables in all databases for incompatibilities with the current
version of MySQL Server. mysql_upgrade also upgrades the system tables so that you can
take advantage of new privileges or capabilities that might have been added.
If mysql_upgrade finds that a table has a possible incompatibility, it performs a table
check and, if problems are found, attempts a table repair. If the table cannot be
repaired, see Section 2.11.3, “Rebuilding or Repairing Tables or Indexes” for manual table
repair strategies.
You should execute mysql_upgrade each time you upgrade MySQL.
If you install MySQL from RPM packages on Linux, you must install the server and client
RPMs. mysql_upgrade is included in the server RPM but requires the client RPM because the
latter includes mysqlcheck. (See Section 2.5.1, “Installing MySQL on Linux Using RPM
Packages”.)
Note
On Windows Server 2008, Vista, and newer, you must run mysql_upgrade with
administrator privileges. You can do this by running a Command Prompt as Administrator
and running the command. Failure to do so may result in the upgrade failing to execute
correctly.
Caution
You should always back up your current MySQL installation before performing an
upgrade. See Section 7.2, “Database Backup Methods”.
Some upgrade incompatibilities may require special handling before you upgrade your
MySQL installation and run mysql_upgrade. See Section 2.11.1, “Upgrading MySQL”, for
instructions on determining whether any such incompatibilities apply to your
installation and how to handle them.
To use mysql_upgrade, make sure that the server is running. Then invoke it like this:
shell> mysql_upgrade [options]
After running mysql_upgrade, stop the server and restart it so that any changes made to
the system tables take effect.
If you have multiple MySQL server instances running, invoke mysql_upgrade with connection
parameters appropriate for connecting to the desired server. For example, with servers
running on the local host on parts 3306 through 3308, upgrade each of them by connecting
to the appropriate port:
shell> mysql_upgrade --protocol=tcp -P 3306 [other_options]
shell> mysql_upgrade --protocol=tcp -P 3307 [other_options]
shell> mysql_upgrade --protocol=tcp -P 3308 [other_options]
For local host connections on Unix, the --protocol=tcp option forces a connection using
TCP/IP rather than the Unix socket file.
mysql_upgrade executes the following commands to check and repair tables and to upgrade
the system tables:
mysqlcheck --no-defaults --all-databases
--fix-db-names --fix-table-names
mysqlcheck --no-defaults --check-upgrade --all-databases
--auto-repair
mysql < fix_priv_tables
Notes about the preceding commands:
· mysql_upgrade also adds --write-binlog or --skip-write-binlog to the mysqlcheck
commands, depending on whether the --write-binlog option was specified on the
mysql_upgrade command.
· Because mysql_upgrade invokes mysqlcheck with the --all-databases option, it processes
all tables in all databases, which might take a long time to complete. Each table is
locked and therefore unavailable to other sessions while it is being processed. Check
and repair operations can be time-consuming, particularly for large tables.
· For details about what checks the --check-upgrade option entails, see the description
of the FOR UPGRADE option of the CHECK TABLE statement (see Section 13.7.2.2, “CHECK
TABLE Syntax”).
· fix_priv_tables represents a script generated internally by mysql_upgrade that
contains SQL statements to upgrade the tables in the mysql database.
All checked and repaired tables are marked with the current MySQL version number. This
ensures that next time you run mysql_upgrade with the same version of the server, it can
tell whether there is any need to check or repair the table again.
mysql_upgrade also saves the MySQL version number in a file named mysql_upgrade_info in
the data directory. This is used to quickly check whether all tables have been checked for
this release so that table-checking can be skipped. To ignore this file and perform the
check regardless, use the --force option.
mysql_upgrade does not upgrade the contents of the help tables. For upgrade instructions,
see Section 5.1.11, “Server-Side Help”.
mysql_upgrade supports the following options, which can be specified on the command line
or in the [mysql_upgrade] and [client] groups of an option file. Unrecognized options are
passed to mysqlcheck. For information about option files, see Section 4.2.6, “Using Option
Files”.
· --help
Display a short help message and exit.
· --basedir=dir_name
The path to the MySQL installation directory. This option is accepted for backward
compatibility but ignored. It is removed in MySQL 5.7.
· --character-sets-dir=dir_name
The directory where character sets are installed. See Section 10.14, “Character Set
Configuration”.
· --compress
Compress all information sent between the client and the server if both support
compression.
· --datadir=dir_name
The path to the data directory. This option is accepted for backward compatibility but
ignored. It is removed in MySQL 5.7.
· --debug[=debug_options], -# [debug_options]
Write a debugging log. A typical debug_options string is d:t:o,file_name. The default
is d:t:O,/tmp/mysql_upgrade.trace.
· --debug-check
Print some debugging information when the program exits.
· --debug-info, -T
Print debugging information and memory and CPU usage statistics when the program
exits.
· --default-auth=plugin
A hint about the client-side authentication plugin to use. See Section 6.3.6,
“Pluggable Authentication”.
This option was added in MySQL 5.5.10.
· --default-character-set=charset_name
Use charset_name as the default character set. See Section 10.14, “Character Set
Configuration”.
· --defaults-extra-file=file_name
Read this option file after the global option file but (on Unix) before the user
option file. If the file does not exist or is otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs.
Before MySQL 5.5.8, file_name must be the full path name to the file. As of MySQL
5.5.8, the name is interpreted relative to the current directory if given as a
relative path name.
· --defaults-file=file_name
Use only the given option file. If the file does not exist or is otherwise
inaccessible, an error occurs. Before MySQL 5.5.8, file_name must be the full path
name to the file. As of MySQL 5.5.8, the name is interpreted relative to the current
directory if given as a relative path name.
· --defaults-group-suffix=str
Read not only the usual option groups, but also groups with the usual names and a
suffix of str. For example, mysql_upgrade normally reads the [client] and
[mysql_upgrade] groups. If the --defaults-group-suffix=_other option is given,
mysql_upgrade also reads the [client_other] and [mysql_upgrade_other] groups.
· --force
Ignore the mysql_upgrade_info file and force execution even if mysql_upgrade has
already been executed for the current version of MySQL.
· --host=host_name, -h host_name
Connect to the MySQL server on the given host.
· --no-defaults
Do not read any option files. If program startup fails due to reading unknown options
from an option file, --no-defaults can be used to prevent them from being read.
· --password[=password], -p[password]
The password to use when connecting to the server. If you use the short option form
(-p), you cannot have a space between the option and the password. If you omit the
password value following the --password or -p option on the command line,
mysql_upgrade prompts for one.
Specifying a password on the command line should be considered insecure. See
Section 6.1.2.1, “End-User Guidelines for Password Security”. You can use an option
file to avoid giving the password on the command line.
· --pipe, -W
On Windows, connect to the server using a named pipe. This option applies only if the
server supports named-pipe connections.
· --plugin-dir=dir_name
The directory in which to look for plugins. Specify this option if the --default-auth
option is used to specify an authentication plugin but mysql_upgrade does not find it.
See Section 6.3.6, “Pluggable Authentication”.
This option was added in MySQL 5.5.10.
· --port=port_num, -P port_num
The TCP/IP port number to use for the connection.
· --print-defaults
Print the program name and all options that it gets from option files.
· --protocol={TCP|SOCKET|PIPE|MEMORY}
The connection protocol to use for connecting to the server. It is useful when the
other connection parameters normally would cause a protocol to be used other than the
one you want. For details on the permissible values, see Section 4.2.2, “Connecting to
the MySQL Server”.
· --shared-memory-base-name=name
On Windows, the shared-memory name to use, for connections made using shared memory to
a local server. The default value is MYSQL. The shared-memory name is case-sensitive.
The server must be started with the --shared-memory option to enable shared-memory
connections.
· --socket=path, -S path
For connections to localhost, the Unix socket file to use, or, on Windows, the name of
the named pipe to use.
· --ssl*
Options that begin with --ssl specify whether to connect to the server using SSL and
indicate where to find SSL keys and certificates. See Section 6.4.2, “Command Options
for Encrypted Connections”.
· --tmpdir=dir_name, -t dir_name
The path name of the directory to use for creating temporary files.
· --upgrade-system-tables, -s
Upgrade only the system tables, do not upgrade data.
· --user=user_name, -u user_name
The MySQL user name to use when connecting to the server. The default user name is
root.
· --verbose
Verbose mode. Print more information about what the program does.
· --version-check, -k
Check the version of the server to which mysql_upgrade is connecting to verify that it
is the same as the version for which mysql_upgrade was built. If not, mysql_upgrade
exits. This option is enabled by default; to disable the check, use
--skip-version-check. This option was added in MySQL 5.5.32.
· --write-binlog
Cause binary logging to be enabled while mysql_upgrade runs. This is the default
behavior; to disable binary logging during the upgrade, use the inverse of this option
(that is, start the program with --skip-write-binlog).
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 1997, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it only under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation;
version 2 of the License.
This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with the program;
if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA or see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
SEE ALSO
For more information, please refer to the MySQL Reference Manual, which may already be
installed locally and which is also available online at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/.
AUTHOR
Oracle Corporation (http://dev.mysql.com/).
MySQL 5.5 02/25/2018 MYSQL_UPGRADE(1)
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