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PGSQL_TABLE(5)                         File Formats Manual                         PGSQL_TABLE(5)



NAME
       pgsql_table - Postfix PostgreSQL client configuration

SYNOPSIS
       postmap -q "string" pgsql:/etc/postfix/filename

       postmap -q - pgsql:/etc/postfix/filename <inputfile

DESCRIPTION
       The  Postfix mail system uses optional tables for address rewriting or mail routing. These
       tables are usually in dbm or db format.

       Alternatively, lookup tables can be specified as PostgreSQL databases.  In  order  to  use
       PostgreSQL lookups, define a PostgreSQL source as a lookup table in main.cf, for example:
           alias_maps = pgsql:/etc/pgsql-aliases.cf

       The  file  /etc/postfix/pgsql-aliases.cf  has the same format as the Postfix main.cf file,
       and can specify the parameters described below.

BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY
       For compatibility with other Postfix lookup tables,  PostgreSQL  parameters  can  also  be
       defined in main.cf.  In order to do that, specify as PostgreSQL source a name that doesn't
       begin with a slash or a dot.  The PostgreSQL parameters will then  be  accessible  as  the
       name you've given the source in its definition, an underscore, and the name of the parame‐
       ter.  For example, if the map is specified as  "pgsql:pgsqlname",  the  parameter  "hosts"
       below would be defined in main.cf as "pgsqlname_hosts".

       Note:  with  this  form,  the passwords for the PostgreSQL sources are written in main.cf,
       which is normally world-readable.  Support for this form will be removed in a future Post‐
       fix version.

       Normally,  the  SQL  query  is  specified  via a single query parameter (described in more
       detail below).  When this parameter is  not  specified  in  the  map  definition,  Postfix
       reverts to an older interface, with the  SQL  query constructed  from the select_function,
       select_field, table, where_field and additional_conditions parameters.  The old  interface
       will be gradually phased out. To migrate to the new interface set:

           query = SELECT select_function('%s')

       or in the absence of select_function, the lower precedence:

           query = SELECT select_field
               FROM table
               WHERE where_field = '%s'
                   additional_conditions

       Use the value, not the name, of each legacy parameter. Note that the additional_conditions
       parameter is optional and if not empty, will always start with AND.

LIST MEMBERSHIP
       When using SQL  to  store  lists  such  as  $mynetworks,  $mydestination,  $relay_domains,
       $local_recipient_maps,  etc., it is important to understand that the table must store each
       list member as a separate key. The table lookup verifies the *existence* of the  key.  See
       "Postfix lists versus tables" in the DATABASE_README document for a discussion.

       Do  NOT  create  tables  that  return  the  full  list  of  domains  in  $mydestination or
       $relay_domains etc., or IP addresses in $mynetworks.

       DO create tables with each matching item as a key and with an arbitrary  value.  With  SQL
       databases it is not uncommon to return the key itself or a constant value.

PGSQL PARAMETERS
       hosts  The  hosts  that  Postfix will try to connect to and query from.  Specify unix: for
              UNIX-domain sockets, inet: for TCP connections (default).  Example:
                  hosts = host1.some.domain host2.some.domain:port
                  hosts = unix:/file/name

              The hosts are tried in random order, with all connections over UNIX domain  sockets
              being  tried before those over TCP.  The connections are automatically closed after
              being idle for about 1 minute, and are re-opened as necessary.

              NOTE: the unix: and inet: prefixes are accepted for  backwards  compatibility  rea‐
              sons,  but  are actually ignored.  The PostgreSQL client library will always try to
              connect to an UNIX socket if the name starts with a slash, and will try a TCP  con‐
              nection otherwise.

       user, password
              The user name and password to log into the pgsql server.  Example:
                  user = someone
                  password = some_password

       dbname The database name on the servers. Example:
                  dbname = customer_database

       query  The  SQL  query  template used to search the database, where %s is a substitute for
              the address Postfix is trying to resolve, e.g.
                  query = SELECT replacement FROM aliases WHERE mailbox = '%s'

              This parameter supports the following '%' expansions:

              %%     This is replaced by a literal '%' character. (Postfix 2.2 and later)

              %s     This is replaced by the input key.  SQL quoting is used to  make  sure  that
                     the input key does not add unexpected metacharacters.

              %u     When  the input key is an address of the form user@domain, %u is replaced by
                     the SQL quoted local part of the address.  Otherwise, %u is replaced by  the
                     entire  search  string.   If the localpart is empty, the query is suppressed
                     and returns no results.

              %d     When the input key is an address of the form user@domain, %d is replaced  by
                     the  SQL  quoted  domain  part of the address.  Otherwise, the query is sup‐
                     pressed and returns no results.

              %[SUD] The upper-case equivalents of the  above  expansions  behave  in  the  query
                     parameter   identically   to   their  lower-case  counter-parts.   With  the
                     result_format parameter (see below), they expand the input key  rather  than
                     the result value.

                     The above %S, %U and %D expansions are available with Postfix 2.2 and later

              %[1-9] The  patterns %1, %2, ... %9 are replaced by the corresponding most signifi‐
                     cant  component  of  the  input  key's  domain.  If   the   input   key   is
                     user AT mail.com,  then %1 is com, %2 is example and %3 is mail. If the
                     input key is unqualified or does not have enough domain components  to  sat‐
                     isfy  all  the  specified  patterns,  the query is suppressed and returns no
                     results.

                     The above %1, ... %9 expansions are available with Postfix 2.2 and later

              The domain parameter described below limits the input keys to addresses in matching
              domains.  When  the  domain  parameter  is  non-empty,  SQL queries for unqualified
              addresses or addresses  in  non-matching  domains  are  suppressed  and  return  no
              results.

              The  precedence  of  this parameter has changed with Postfix 2.2, in prior releases
              the precedence was, from highest to lowest, select_function,  query,  select_field,
              ...

              With  Postfix  2.2  the  query  parameter has highest precedence, see COMPATIBILITY
              above.

              NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the query parameter.

       result_format (default: %s)
              Format template applied to result attributes. Most  commonly  used  to  append  (or
              prepend) text to the result. This parameter supports the following '%' expansions:

              %%     This is replaced by a literal '%' character.

              %s     This  is replaced by the value of the result attribute. When result is empty
                     it is skipped.

              %u     When the result attribute value is an address of the form user@domain, %u is
                     replaced  by  the  local  part  of the address. When the result has an empty
                     localpart it is skipped.

              %d     When a result attribute value is an address of the form user@domain,  %d  is
                     replaced  by  the  domain  part  of  the attribute value. When the result is
                     unqualified it is skipped.

              %[SUD1-9]
                     The upper-case and decimal digit expansions interpolate  the  parts  of  the
                     input  key  rather  than  the  result.  Their  behavior is identical to that
                     described with query, and in fact because the input key is known in advance,
                     queries  whose  key  does  not  contain all the information specified in the
                     result template are suppressed and return no results.

              For example, using "result_format  =  smtp:[%s]"  allows  one  to  use  a  mailHost
              attribute  as  the basis of a transport(5) table. After applying the result format,
              multiple values are concatenated as comma separated  strings.  The  expansion_limit
              and  parameter  explained  below allows one to restrict the number of values in the
              result, which is especially useful for maps that must return at most one value.

              The default value %s specifies that each result value should be used as is.

              This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2 and later.

              NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the result format!

       domain (default: no domain list)
              This is a list of domain names, paths to files, or  dictionaries.  When  specified,
              only fully qualified search keys with a *non-empty* localpart and a matching domain
              are eligible for lookup: 'user' lookups, bare domain lookups and "@domain"  lookups
              are  not  performed. This can significantly reduce the query load on the PostgreSQL
              server.
                  domain = postfix.org, hash:/etc/postfix/searchdomains

              It is best not to use SQL to store the domains eligible for SQL lookups.

              This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2 and later.

              NOTE: DO NOT define this parameter for local(8) aliases, because the input keys are
              always unqualified.

       expansion_limit (default: 0)
              A limit on the total number of result elements returned (as a comma separated list)
              by a lookup against the map.  A setting of zero disables the  limit.  Lookups  fail
              with  a  temporary  error if the limit is exceeded.  Setting the limit to 1 ensures
              that lookups do not return multiple values.

OBSOLETE QUERY INTERFACES
       This section describes query interfaces that are deprecated as  of  Postfix  2.2.   Please
       migrate to the new query interface as the old interfaces are slated to be phased out.

       select_function
              This parameter specifies a database function name. Example:
                  select_function = my_lookup_user_alias

              This is equivalent to:
                  query = SELECT my_lookup_user_alias('%s')

              This  parameter  overrides  the legacy table-related fields (described below). With
              Postfix versions prior to 2.2, it also overrides the query parameter. Starting with
              Postfix  2.2,  the  query parameter has highest precedence, and the select_function
              parameter is deprecated.

       The following  parameters  (with  lower  precedence  than  the  select_function  interface
       described above) can be used to build the SQL select statement as follows:

           SELECT [select_field]
           FROM [table]
           WHERE [where_field] = '%s'
                 [additional_conditions]

       The  specifier  %s  is replaced with each lookup by the lookup key and is escaped so if it
       contains single quotes or other odd characters, it will not cause a parse error, or worse,
       a security problem.

       Starting with Postfix 2.2, this interface is obsoleted by the more general query interface
       described above. If higher precedence the query or  select_function  parameters  described
       above are defined, the parameters described here are ignored.

       select_field
              The SQL "select" parameter. Example:
                  select_field = forw_addr

       table  The SQL "select .. from" table name. Example:
                  table = mxaliases

       where_field
              The SQL "select .. where" parameter. Example:
                  where_field = alias

       additional_conditions
              Additional conditions to the SQL query. Example:
                  additional_conditions = AND status = 'paid'

SEE ALSO
       postmap(1), Postfix lookup table manager
       postconf(5), configuration parameters
       ldap_table(5), LDAP lookup tables
       mysql_table(5), MySQL lookup tables
       sqlite_table(5), SQLite lookup tables

README FILES
       Use "postconf readme_directory" or "postconf html_directory" to locate this information.
       DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview
       PGSQL_README, Postfix PostgreSQL client guide

LICENSE
       The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

HISTORY
       PgSQL support was introduced with Postfix version 2.1.

AUTHOR(S)
       Based on the MySQL client by:
       Scott Cotton, Joshua Marcus
       IC Group, Inc.

       Ported to PostgreSQL by:
       Aaron Sethman

       Further enhanced by:
       Liviu Daia
       Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy
       P.O. BOX 1-764
       RO-014700 Bucharest, ROMANIA



                                                                                   PGSQL_TABLE(5)


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