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slapo-ppolicy(5) - phpMan
SLAPO_PPOLICY(5) File Formats Manual SLAPO_PPOLICY(5)
NAME
slapo-ppolicy - Password Policy overlay to slapd
SYNOPSIS
/etc/ldap/slapd.conf
DESCRIPTION
The ppolicy overlay is an implementation of the most recent IETF Password Policy proposal
for LDAP. When instantiated, it intercepts, decodes and applies specific password policy
controls to overall use of a backend database, changes to user password fields, etc.
The overlay provides a variety of password control mechanisms. They include password
aging -- both minimum and maximum ages, password reuse and duplication control, account
time-outs, mandatory password resets, acceptable password content, and even grace logins.
Different groups of users may be associated with different password policies, and there is
no limit to the number of password policies that may be created.
Note that some of the policies do not take effect when the operation is performed with the
rootdn identity; all the operations, when performed with any other identity, may be sub‐
jected to constraints, like access control.
Note that the IETF Password Policy proposal for LDAP makes sense when considering a sin‐
gle-valued password attribute, while the userPassword attribute allows multiple values.
This implementation enforces a single value for the userPassword attribute, despite its
specification.
CONFIGURATION
These slapd.conf configuration options apply to the ppolicy overlay. They should appear
after the overlay directive.
ppolicy_default <policyDN>
Specify the DN of the pwdPolicy object to use when no specific policy is set on a
given user's entry. If there is no specific policy for an entry and no default is
given, then no policies will be enforced.
ppolicy_forward_updates
Specify that policy state changes that result from Bind operations (such as record‐
ing failures, lockout, etc.) on a consumer should be forwarded to a master instead
of being written directly into the consumer's local database. This setting is only
useful on a replication consumer, and also requires the updateref setting and chain
overlay to be appropriately configured.
ppolicy_hash_cleartext
Specify that cleartext passwords present in Add and Modify requests should be
hashed before being stored in the database. This violates the X.500/LDAP informa‐
tion model, but may be needed to compensate for LDAP clients that don't use the
Password Modify extended operation to manage passwords. It is recommended that
when this option is used that compare, search, and read access be denied to all
directory users.
ppolicy_use_lockout
A client will always receive an LDAP InvalidCredentials response when Binding to a
locked account. By default, when a Password Policy control was provided on the Bind
request, a Password Policy response will be included with no special error code
set. This option changes the Password Policy response to include the AccountLocked
error code. Note that sending the AccountLocked error code provides useful informa‐
tion to an attacker; sites that are sensitive to security issues should not enable
this option.
OBJECT CLASS
The ppolicy overlay depends on the pwdPolicy object class. The definition of that class
is as follows:
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.2.1
NAME 'pwdPolicy'
AUXILIARY
SUP top
MUST ( pwdAttribute )
MAY (
pwdMinAge $ pwdMaxAge $ pwdInHistory $
pwdCheckQuality $ pwdMinLength $
pwdExpireWarning $ pwdGraceAuthnLimit $
pwdLockout $ pwdLockoutDuration $
pwdMaxFailure $ pwdFailureCountInterval $
pwdMustChange $ pwdAllowUserChange $
pwdSafeModify ) )
This implementation also provides an additional pwdPolicyChecker objectclass, used for
password quality checking (see below).
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.4754.2.99.1
NAME 'pwdPolicyChecker'
AUXILIARY
SUP top
MAY ( pwdCheckModule ) )
Every account that should be subject to password policy control should have a pwdPolicy‐
Subentry attribute containing the DN of a valid pwdPolicy entry, or they can simply use
the configured default. In this way different users may be managed according to different
policies.
OBJECT CLASS ATTRIBUTES
Each one of the sections below details the meaning and use of a particular attribute of
this pwdPolicy object class.
pwdAttribute
This attribute contains the name of the attribute to which the password policy is applied.
For example, the password policy may be applied to the userPassword attribute.
Note: in this implementation, the only value accepted for pwdAttribute is userPassword .
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.1
NAME 'pwdAttribute'
EQUALITY objectIdentifierMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.38 )
pwdMinAge
This attribute contains the number of seconds that must elapse between modifications
allowed to the password. If this attribute is not present, zero seconds is assumed (i.e.
the password may be modified whenever and however often is desired).
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.2
NAME 'pwdMinAge'
EQUALITY integerMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdMaxAge
This attribute contains the number of seconds after which a modified password will expire.
If this attribute is not present, or if its value is zero (0), then passwords will not
expire.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.3
NAME 'pwdMaxAge'
EQUALITY integerMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdInHistory
This attribute is used to specify the maximum number of used passwords that will be stored
in the pwdHistory attribute. If the pwdInHistory attribute is not present, or if its
value is zero (0), used passwords will not be stored in pwdHistory and thus any previ‐
ously-used password may be reused. No history checking occurs if the password is being
modified by the rootdn, although the password is saved in the history.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.4
NAME 'pwdInHistory'
EQUALITY integerMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdCheckQuality
This attribute indicates if and how password syntax will be checked while a password is
being modified or added. If this attribute is not present, or its value is zero (0), no
syntax checking will be done. If its value is one (1), the server will check the syntax,
and if the server is unable to check the syntax, whether due to a client-side hashed pass‐
word or some other reason, it will be accepted. If its value is two (2), the server will
check the syntax, and if the server is unable to check the syntax it will return an error
refusing the password.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.5
NAME 'pwdCheckQuality'
EQUALITY integerMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdMinLength
When syntax checking is enabled (see also the pwdCheckQuality attribute), this attribute
contains the minimum number of characters that will be accepted in a password. If this
attribute is not present, minimum password length is not enforced. If the server is unable
to check the length of the password, whether due to a client-side hashed password or some
other reason, the server will, depending on the value of pwdCheckQuality, either accept
the password without checking it (if pwdCheckQuality is zero (0) or one (1)) or refuse it
(if pwdCheckQuality is two (2)).
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.6
NAME 'pwdMinLength'
EQUALITY integerMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdExpireWarning
This attribute contains the maximum number of seconds before a password is due to expire
that expiration warning messages will be returned to a user who is authenticating to the
directory. If this attribute is not present, or if the value is zero (0), no warnings
will be sent.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.7
NAME 'pwdExpireWarning'
EQUALITY integerMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdGraceAuthnLimit
This attribute contains the number of times that an expired password may be used to
authenticate a user to the directory. If this attribute is not present or if its value is
zero (0), users with expired passwords will not be allowed to authenticate to the direc‐
tory.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.8
NAME 'pwdGraceAuthnLimit'
EQUALITY integerMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdLockout
This attribute specifies the action that should be taken by the directory when a user has
made a number of failed attempts to authenticate to the directory. If pwdLockout is set
(its value is "TRUE"), the user will not be allowed to attempt to authenticate to the
directory after there have been a specified number of consecutive failed bind attempts.
The maximum number of consecutive failed bind attempts allowed is specified by the pwdMax‐
Failure attribute. If pwdLockout is not present, or if its value is "FALSE", the password
may be used to authenticate no matter how many consecutive failed bind attempts have been
made.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.9
NAME 'pwdLockout'
EQUALITY booleanMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdLockoutDuration
This attribute contains the number of seconds during which the password cannot be used to
authenticate the user to the directory due to too many consecutive failed bind attempts.
(See also pwdLockout and pwdMaxFailure.) If pwdLockoutDuration is not present, or if its
value is zero (0), the password cannot be used to authenticate the user to the directory
again until it is reset by an administrator.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.10
NAME 'pwdLockoutDuration'
EQUALITY integerMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdMaxFailure
This attribute contains the number of consecutive failed bind attempts after which the
password may not be used to authenticate a user to the directory. If pwdMaxFailure is not
present, or its value is zero (0), then a user will be allowed to continue to attempt to
authenticate to the directory, no matter how many consecutive failed bind attempts have
occurred with that user's DN. (See also pwdLockout and pwdLockoutDuration.)
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.11
NAME 'pwdMaxFailure'
EQUALITY integerMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdFailureCountInterval
This attribute contains the number of seconds after which old consecutive failed bind
attempts are purged from the failure counter, even though no successful authentication has
occurred. If pwdFailureCountInterval is not present, or its value is zero (0), the fail‐
ure counter will only be reset by a successful authentication.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.12
NAME 'pwdFailureCountInterval'
EQUALITY integerMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdMustChange
This attribute specifies whether users must change their passwords when they first bind to
the directory after a password is set or reset by the administrator, or not. If pwd‐
MustChange has a value of "TRUE", users must change their passwords when they first bind
to the directory after a password is set or reset by the administrator. If pwdMustChange
is not present, or its value is "FALSE", users are not required to change their password
upon binding after the administrator sets or resets the password.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.13
NAME 'pwdMustChange'
EQUALITY booleanMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdAllowUserChange
This attribute specifies whether users are allowed to change their own passwords or not.
If pwdAllowUserChange is set to "TRUE", or if the attribute is not present, users will be
allowed to change their own passwords. If its value is "FALSE", users will not be allowed
to change their own passwords.
Note: this implies that when pwdAllowUserChange is set to "TRUE", users will still be able
to change the password of another user, subjected to access control. This restriction
only applies to modifications of ones's own password. It should also be noted that pwdAl‐
lowUserChange was defined in the specification to provide rough access control to the
password attribute in implementations that do not allow fine-grain access control. Since
OpenLDAP provides fine-grain access control, the use of this attribute is discouraged;
ACLs should be used instead (see slapd.access(5) for details).
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.14
NAME 'pwdAllowUserChange'
EQUALITY booleanMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdSafeModify
This attribute denotes whether the user's existing password must be sent along with their
new password when changing a password. If pwdSafeModify is set to "TRUE", the existing
password must be sent along with the new password. If the attribute is not present, or
its value is "FALSE", the existing password need not be sent along with the new password.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.15
NAME 'pwdSafeModify'
EQUALITY booleanMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7
SINGLE-VALUE )
pwdCheckModule
This attribute names a user-defined loadable module that must instantiate the check_pass‐
word() function. This function will be called to further check a new password if pwd‐
CheckQuality is set to one (1) or two (2), after all of the built-in password compliance
checks have been passed. This function will be called according to this function proto‐
type:
int check_password (char *pPasswd, char **ppErrStr, Entry *pEntry);
The pPasswd parameter contains the clear-text user password, the ppErrStr parameter con‐
tains a double pointer that allows the function to return human-readable details about any
error it encounters. The optional pEntry parameter, if non-NULL, carries a pointer to the
entry whose password is being checked. If ppErrStr is NULL, then funcName must NOT
attempt to use it/them. A return value of LDAP_SUCCESS from the called function indicates
that the password is ok, any other value indicates that the password is unacceptable. If
the password is unacceptable, the server will return an error to the client, and ppErrStr
may be used to return a human-readable textual explanation of the error. The error string
must be dynamically allocated as it will be free()'d by slapd.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.4754.1.99.1
NAME 'pwdCheckModule'
EQUALITY caseExactIA5Match
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.26
SINGLE-VALUE )
Note: The user-defined loadable module named by pwdCheckModule must be in slapd's standard
executable search PATH.
Note: pwdCheckModule is a non-standard extension to the LDAP password policy proposal.
OPERATIONAL ATTRIBUTES
The operational attributes used by the ppolicy module are stored in the user's entry.
Most of these attributes are not intended to be changed directly by users; they are there
to track user activity. They have been detailed here so that administrators and users can
both understand the workings of the ppolicy module.
Note that the current IETF Password Policy proposal does not define how these operational
attributes are expected to behave in a replication environment. In general, authentication
attempts on a slave server only affect the copy of the operational attributes on that
slave and will not affect any attributes for a user's entry on the master server. Opera‐
tional attribute changes resulting from authentication attempts on a master server will
usually replicate to the slaves (and also overwrite any changes that originated on the
slave). These behaviors are not guaranteed and are subject to change when a formal speci‐
fication emerges.
userPassword
The userPassword attribute is not strictly part of the ppolicy module. It is, however,
the attribute that is tracked and controlled by the module. Please refer to the standard
OpenLDAP schema for its definition.
pwdPolicySubentry
This attribute refers directly to the pwdPolicy subentry that is to be used for this par‐
ticular directory user. If pwdPolicySubentry exists, it must contain the DN of a valid
pwdPolicy object. If it does not exist, the ppolicy module will enforce the default pass‐
word policy rules on the user associated with this authenticating DN. If there is no
default, or the referenced subentry does not exist, then no policy rules will be enforced.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.23
NAME 'pwdPolicySubentry'
DESC 'The pwdPolicy subentry in effect for
this object'
EQUALITY distinguishedNameMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.12
SINGLE-VALUE
NO-USER-MODIFICATION
USAGE directoryOperation)
pwdChangedTime
This attribute denotes the last time that the entry's password was changed. This value is
used by the password expiration policy to determine whether the password is too old to be
allowed to be used for user authentication. If pwdChangedTime does not exist, the user's
password will not expire.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.16
NAME 'pwdChangedTime'
DESC 'The time the password was last changed'
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.24
EQUALITY generalizedTimeMatch
ORDERING generalizedTimeOrderingMatch
SINGLE-VALUE
NO-USER-MODIFICATION
USAGE directoryOperation)
pwdAccountLockedTime
This attribute contains the time that the user's account was locked. If the account has
been locked, the password may no longer be used to authenticate the user to the directory.
If pwdAccountLockedTime is set to 000001010000Z, the user's account has been permanently
locked and may only be unlocked by an administrator. Note that account locking only takes
effect when the pwdLockout password policy attribute is set to "TRUE".
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.17
NAME 'pwdAccountLockedTime'
DESC 'The time an user account was locked'
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.24
EQUALITY generalizedTimeMatch
ORDERING generalizedTimeOrderingMatch
SINGLE-VALUE
NO-USER-MODIFICATION
USAGE directoryOperation)
pwdFailureTime
This attribute contains the timestamps of each of the consecutive authentication failures
made upon attempted authentication to this DN (i.e. account). If too many timestamps
accumulate here (refer to the pwdMaxFailure password policy attribute for details), and
the pwdLockout password policy attribute is set to "TRUE", the account may be locked.
(Please also refer to the pwdLockout password policy attribute.) Excess timestamps beyond
those allowed by pwdMaxFailure may also be purged. If a successful authentication is made
to this DN (i.e. to this user account), then pwdFailureTime will be cleansed of entries.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.19
NAME 'pwdFailureTime'
DESC 'The timestamps of the last consecutive
authentication failures'
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.24
EQUALITY generalizedTimeMatch
ORDERING generalizedTimeOrderingMatch
NO-USER-MODIFICATION
USAGE directoryOperation )
pwdHistory
This attribute contains the history of previously used passwords for this DN (i.e. for
this user account). The values of this attribute are stored in string format as follows:
pwdHistory=
time "#" syntaxOID "#" length "#" data
time=
GeneralizedTime as specified in section 3.3.13 of [RFC4517]
syntaxOID = numericoid
This is the string representation of the dotted-decimal OID that defines the syn‐
tax used to store the password. numericoid is described in section 1.4 of
[RFC4512].
length = NumericString
The number of octets in the data. NumericString is described in section 3.3.23 of
[RFC4517].
data =
Octets representing the password in the format specified by syntaxOID.
This format allows the server to store and transmit a history of passwords that have been
used. In order for equality matching on the values in this attribute to function prop‐
erly, the time field is in GMT format.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.20
NAME 'pwdHistory'
DESC 'The history of user passwords'
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.40
EQUALITY octetStringMatch
NO-USER-MODIFICATION
USAGE directoryOperation)
pwdGraceUseTime This attribute contains the list of timestamps of logins made after the
user password in the DN has expired. These post-expiration logins are known as "grace
logins". If too many grace logins have been used (please refer to the pwdGraceLoginLimit
password policy attribute), then the DN will no longer be allowed to be used to authenti‐
cate the user to the directory until the administrator changes the DN's userPassword
attribute.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.21
NAME 'pwdGraceUseTime'
DESC 'The timestamps of the grace login once the password has expired'
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.24
EQUALITY generalizedTimeMatch
NO-USER-MODIFICATION
USAGE directoryOperation)
pwdReset
This attribute indicates whether the user's password has been reset by the administrator
and thus must be changed upon first use of this DN for authentication to the directory.
If pwdReset is set to "TRUE", then the password was reset and the user must change it upon
first authentication. If the attribute does not exist, or is set to "FALSE", the user
need not change their password due to administrative reset.
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.22
NAME 'pwdReset'
DESC 'The indication that the password has
been reset'
EQUALITY booleanMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7
SINGLE-VALUE
USAGE directoryOperation)
EXAMPLES
database bdb
suffix dc=example,dc=com
...
overlay ppolicy
ppolicy_default "cn=Standard,ou=Policies,dc=example,dc=com"
SEE ALSO
ldap(3), slapd.conf(5), slapd-config(5), slapo-chain(5).
"OpenLDAP Administrator's Guide" (http://www.OpenLDAP.org/doc/admin/)
IETF LDAP password policy proposal by P. Behera, L. Poitou and J. Sermersheim: docu‐
mented in IETF document "draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-09.txt".
BUGS
The LDAP Password Policy specification is not yet an approved standard, and it is still
evolving. This code will continue to be in flux until the specification is finalized.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This module was written in 2004 by Howard Chu of Symas Corporation with significant input
from Neil Dunbar and Kartik Subbarao of Hewlett-Packard.
This manual page borrows heavily and shamelessly from the specification upon which the
password policy module it describes is based. This source is the IETF LDAP password pol‐
icy proposal by P. Behera, L. Poitou and J. Sermersheim. The proposal is fully docu‐
mented in the IETF document named draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-09.txt, written in
July of 2005.
OpenLDAP Software is developed and maintained by The OpenLDAP Project <http://www.openl‐
dap.org/>. OpenLDAP Software is derived from University of Michigan LDAP 3.3 Release.
OpenLDAP 2014/09/20 SLAPO_PPOLICY(5)
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