SS(8)                                System Manager's Manual                                SS(8)



NAME
       ss - another utility to investigate sockets

SYNOPSIS
       ss [options] [ FILTER ]

DESCRIPTION
       ss  is  used  to dump socket statistics. It allows showing information similar to netstat.
       It can display more TCP and state informations than other tools.


OPTIONS
       When no option is used ss displays a list of open  non-listening  TCP  sockets  that  have
       established connection.

       -h, --help
              Show summary of options.

       -V, --version
              Output version information.

       -n, --numeric
              Do not try to resolve service names.

       -r, --resolve
              Try to resolve numeric address/ports.

       -a, --all
              Display  both  listening  and non-listening (for TCP this means established connec‐
              tions) sockets.

       -l, --listening
              Display only listening sockets (these are omitted by default).

       -o, --options
              Show timer information.

       -e, --extended
              Show detailed socket information

       -m, --memory
              Show socket memory usage.

       -p, --processes
              Show process using socket.

       -i, --info
              Show internal TCP information.

       -s, --summary
              Print summary statistics. This option does not parse socket lists obtaining summary
              from  various  sources. It is useful when amount of sockets is so huge that parsing
              /proc/net/tcp is painful.

       -Z, --context
              As the -p option but also shows process security context.

              For netlink(7) sockets the initiating process context is displayed as follows:

                     1.  If valid pid show the process context.

                     2.  If destination is kernel (pid = 0) show kernel initial context.

                     3.  If a unique identifier has been allocated by the kernel or netlink user,
                         show  context  as  "unavailable".  This  will  generally indicate that a
                         process has more than one netlink socket active.

       -z, --contexts
              As the -Z option but also shows the socket context. The  socket  context  is  taken
              from  the associated inode and is not the actual socket context held by the kernel.
              Sockets are typically labeled with the context of the creating process, however the
              context  shown  will  reflect  any  policy role, type and/or range transition rules
              applied, and is therefore a useful reference.

       -b, --bpf
              Show socket BPF filters (only administrators are allowed to get these information).

       -4, --ipv4
              Display only IP version 4 sockets (alias for -f inet).

       -6, --ipv6
              Display only IP version 6 sockets (alias for -f inet6).

       -0, --packet
              Display PACKET sockets (alias for -f link).

       -t, --tcp
              Display TCP sockets.

       -u, --udp
              Display UDP sockets.

       -d, --dccp
              Display DCCP sockets.

       -w, --raw
              Display RAW sockets.

       -x, --unix
              Display Unix domain sockets (alias for -f unix).

       -f FAMILY, --family=FAMILY
              Display sockets of type FAMILY.  Currently the following  families  are  supported:
              unix, inet, inet6, link, netlink.

       -A QUERY, --query=QUERY, --socket=QUERY
              List  of  socket tables to dump, separated by commas. The following identifiers are
              understood:  all,  inet,  tcp,  udp,  raw,  unix,  packet,   netlink,   unix_dgram,
              unix_stream, unix_seqpacket, packet_raw, packet_dgram.

       -D FILE, --diag=FILE
              Do  not display anything, just dump raw information about TCP sockets to FILE after
              applying filters. If FILE is - stdout is used.

       -F FILE, --filter=FILE
              Read filter information from FILE.  Each line of FILE is  interpreted  like  single
              command line option. If FILE is - stdin is used.

       FILTER := [ state TCP-STATE ] [ EXPRESSION ]
              Please  take  a look at the official documentation (Debian package iproute-doc) for
              details regarding filters.

USAGE EXAMPLES
       ss -t -a
              Display all TCP sockets.

       ss -t -a -Z
              Display all TCP sockets with process SELinux security contexts.

       ss -u -a
              Display all UDP sockets.

       ss -o state established '( dport = :ssh or sport = :ssh )'
              Display all established ssh connections.

       ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/*
              Find all local processes connected to X server.

       ss -o state fin-wait-1 '( sport = :http or sport = :https )' dst 193.233.7/24
              List all the tcp sockets in state FIN-WAIT-1 for our apache to network 193.233.7/24
              and look at their timers.

SEE ALSO
       ip(8), /usr/share/doc/iproute-doc/ss.html (package iproutedoc)

AUTHOR
       ss was written by Alexey Kuznetosv, <kuznet AT ms2.ru>.

       This manual page was written by Michael Prokop <mika AT grml.org> for the Debian project (but
       may be used by others).



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