| MIME::Words - phpMan
MIME::Words(3pm) User Contributed Perl Documentation MIME::Words(3pm)
NAME
MIME::Words - deal with RFC 2047 encoded words
SYNOPSIS
Before reading further, you should see MIME::Tools to make sure that you understand where
this module fits into the grand scheme of things. Go on, do it now. I'll wait.
Ready? Ok...
use MIME::Words qw(:all);
### Decode the string into another string, forgetting the charsets:
$decoded = decode_mimewords(
'To: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Keld_J=F8rn_Simonsen?= <keld AT dkuug.dk>',
);
### Split string into array of decoded [DATA,CHARSET] pairs:
@decoded = decode_mimewords(
'To: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Keld_J=F8rn_Simonsen?= <keld AT dkuug.dk>',
);
### Encode a single unsafe word:
$encoded = encode_mimeword("\xABFran\xE7ois\xBB");
### Encode a string, trying to find the unsafe words inside it:
$encoded = encode_mimewords("Me and \xABFran\xE7ois\xBB in town");
DESCRIPTION
Fellow Americans, you probably won't know what the hell this module is for. Europeans,
Russians, et al, you probably do. ":-)".
For example, here's a valid MIME header you might get:
From: =?US-ASCII?Q?Keith_Moore?= <moore AT cs.edu>
To: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Keld_J=F8rn_Simonsen?= <keld AT dkuug.dk>
CC: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Andr=E9_?= Pirard <PIRARD AT vm1.be>
Subject: =?ISO-8859-1?B?SWYgeW91IGNhbiByZWFkIHRoaXMgeW8=?=
=?ISO-8859-2?B?dSB1bmRlcnN0YW5kIHRoZSBleGFtcGxlLg==?=
=?US-ASCII?Q?.._cool!?=
The fields basically decode to (sorry, I can only approximate the Latin characters with 7
bit sequences /o and 'e):
From: Keith Moore <moore AT cs.edu>
To: Keld J/orn Simonsen <keld AT dkuug.dk>
CC: Andr'e Pirard <PIRARD AT vm1.be>
Subject: If you can read this you understand the example... cool!
PUBLIC INTERFACE
decode_mimewords ENCODED
Function. Go through the string looking for RFC 2047-style "Q" (quoted-printable,
sort of) or "B" (base64) encoding, and decode them.
In an array context, splits the ENCODED string into a list of decoded "[DATA,
CHARSET]" pairs, and returns that list. Unencoded data are returned in a 1-element
array "[DATA]", giving an effective CHARSET of "undef".
$enc = '=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Keld_J=F8rn_Simonsen?= <keld AT dkuug.dk>';
foreach (decode_mimewords($enc)) {
print "", ($_->[1] || 'US-ASCII'), ": ", $_->[0], "\n";
}
In a scalar context, joins the "data" elements of the above list together, and returns
that. Warning: this is information-lossy, and probably not what you want, but if you
know that all charsets in the ENCODED string are identical, it might be useful to you.
(Before you use this, please see "unmime" in MIME::WordDecoder, which is probably what
you want.)
In the event of a syntax error, $@ will be set to a description of the error, but
parsing will continue as best as possible (so as to get something back when decoding
headers). $@ will be false if no error was detected.
Any arguments past the ENCODED string are taken to define a hash of options:
encode_mimeword RAW, [ENCODING], [CHARSET]
Function. Encode a single RAW "word" that has unsafe characters. The "word" will be
encoded in its entirety.
### Encode "<<Franc,ois>>":
$encoded = encode_mimeword("\xABFran\xE7ois\xBB");
You may specify the ENCODING ("Q" or "B"), which defaults to "Q". You may specify the
CHARSET, which defaults to "iso-8859-1".
encode_mimewords RAW, [OPTS]
Function. Given a RAW string, try to find and encode all "unsafe" sequences of
characters:
### Encode a string with some unsafe "words":
$encoded = encode_mimewords("Me and \xABFran\xE7ois\xBB");
Returns the encoded string. Any arguments past the RAW string are taken to define a
hash of options:
Charset
Encode all unsafe stuff with this charset. Default is 'ISO-8859-1', a.k.a.
"Latin-1".
Encoding
The encoding to use, "q" or "b". The default is "q".
Warning: this is a quick-and-dirty solution, intended for character sets which overlap
ASCII. It does not comply with the RFC 2047 rules regarding the use of encoded words
in message headers. You may want to roll your own variant, using "encode_mimeword()",
for your application. Thanks to Jan Kasprzak for reminding me about this problem.
SEE ALSO
MIME::Base64, MIME::QuotedPrint, MIME::Tools
For other implementations of this or similar functionality (particularly, ones with proper
UTF8 support), see:
Encode::MIME::Header, MIME::EncWords, MIME::AltWords
At some future point, one of these implementations will likely replace MIME::Words and
MIME::Words will become deprecated.
NOTES
Exports its principle functions by default, in keeping with MIME::Base64 and
MIME::QuotedPrint.
AUTHOR
Eryq (eryq AT zeegee.com), ZeeGee Software Inc (http://www.zeegee.com). David F. Skoll
(dfs AT roaringpenguin.com) http://www.roaringpenguin.com
All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the same terms as Perl itself.
Thanks also to...
Kent Boortz For providing the idea, and the baseline
RFC-1522-decoding code!
KJJ at PrimeNet For requesting that this be split into
its own module.
Stephane Barizien For reporting a nasty bug.
perl v5.18.1 2013-11-14 MIME::Words(3pm)
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